Complex oil battle with increased oil from Brazil, Russia, and China. US Shale is adapting and lowering costs

In the supposed standoff between OPEC and US light tight oil (LTO), LTO appears to have blinked. Following months of cost cutting and a 60% plunge in the US rig count, the relentless rise in US supply seems to be finally abating. LTO production growth buckled last month, sending US crude output growth into reverse and bringing a multi-year winning streak to an apparent close. Inventories already feel the pinch. US crude stocks, the top source of recent OECD builds, posted their first weekly draw in 17 weeks at the end of April. Expectations that the market would start tightening by mid-year seem to be coming true – or so would have it the bulls who over the last month have given WTI crude a 14% price lift, and counting.

But that is only part of the story.

An end to US crude builds does not spell the end of all oil inventory increases. Not only does the latest US crude draw pale in comparison with the massive builds of the first quarter, but there are also signs that, even as crude builds slow, product stocks are picking up where crude has left off. US product stocks already built counter-seasonally in March – a month when China also posted record-high distillate builds. Preliminary data show OECD-wide product stocks stopped drawing and swung into growth in April. More such builds may follow as global demand goes through a seasonal soft patch and refining activity increases worldwide.

The slowdown in the LTO patch notwithstanding, global crude supply was up by a staggering 3.2 mb/d in April year-on-year, extending the first quarter’s massive gains. While the price responsiveness of LTO was widely anticipated, the strong performance of some other sources of non-OPEC supply defied expectations. Russian oil companies seem to be coping exceptionally well with lower oil prices and international sanctions, thanks to a flexible tax regime that lightens their fiscal burden as prices drop and to steep cuts in production costs that came courtesy of the rouble’s depreciation. Russian production jumped by a steep 185 kb/d year-on-year in April. For all its troubles, Brazil’s Petrobras is also a supply success story of sorts. Even as its balance sheet problems curtail new spending, investments made long ago are finally paying off as one FPSO after another comes into production. Brazil output was up 17% year-on-year in the first quarter. Chinese production is also growing at a healthy clip, as is output from Viet Nam and Malaysia. Meanwhile, last month’s vigorous WTI price rebound is giving LTO producers a new lease on life. Several large US LTO producers have been boasting of achieving large reductions in production costs in recent weeks.

* Oil prices rallied in April and early May despite persistently high global supply and continued stock builds. Slowing US LTO supplies pushed NYMEX WTI prices 14% higher in April vs. March, roughly twice the increase in ICE Brent. At the time of writing, NYMEX WTI was trading at about $60.30/bbl. ICE Brent was around $66.30/bbl.

* Despite slowing US LTO output, global oil supply growth remained at a steep 3.2 mb/d year-on-year in April. At 95.7 mb/d, total oil supplies were flat from March as higher OPEC output offset a drop in non-OPEC. Non-OPEC supply growth for 2015 is projected at 830 kb/d, up by 200 kb/d since last month’s Report.

* OPEC crude supply rose by 160 kb/d to 31.21 mb/d in April – the highest since September 2012, and nearly 1.4 mb/d above a year earlier – as Iraq and Iran boosted output and top exporter Saudi Arabia held flows above 10 mb/d. Upward revisions to non-OPEC supply lower the call on OPEC by 0.3 mb/d for 2H15, to 30 mb/d.

* Global oil demand growth is projected at 1.1 mb/d for 2015, to 93.6 mb/d, up from 0.7 mb/d in 2014. The forecast is unchanged since last month as an improving economic outlook for Europe and a cold winter lift projections of OECD demand but offset reduced expectations for the FSU, the Middle East and Latin America.

* Global refinery crude runs are expected to dip seasonally to 77.8 mb/d in 2Q15, from 78.2 mb/d in 1Q15. Estimates for both 1Q15 and 2Q15 have been lifted markedly since last month’s Report on robust runs in Asia and Europe. Annual gains, of 1.4 mb/d for both 1Q15 and 2Q15, largely shift to the non-OECD region in 2Q15.

* OECD industry oil stocks rose counter-seasonally in March by 38.4 mb, led by US crude. Refined products meanwhile inched lower and by end-month covered 30.3 days of forward demand, level with a month earlier. Preliminary data indicate OECD stocks continued on an upward trend, building by 35.8 mb in April.