Cold Wall Chemical Vapor Deposition produces graphene at 100 times the speed and 100 times lower cost

A pioneering new technique to produce high-quality, low cost graphene could pave the way for the development of the first truly flexible ‘electronic skin’, that could be used in robots.

Researchers from the University of Exeter have discovered an innovative new method to produce the wonder material Graphene significantly cheaper, and easier, than previously possible.

The research team, led by Professor Monica Craciun, have used this new technique to create the first transparent and flexible touch-sensor that could enable the development of artificial skin for use in robot manufacturing. Professor Craciun, from Exeter’s Engineering department, believes the new discovery could pave the way for “a graphene-driven industrial revolution” to take place.

She said: “The vision for a ‘graphene-driven industrial revolution’ is motivating intensive research on the synthesis of high quality and low cost graphene. Currently, industrial graphene is produced using a technique called Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD). Although there have been significant advances in recent years in this technique, it is still an expensive and time consuming process.”

The Exeter researchers have now discovered a new technique, which grows graphene in an industrial cold wall CVD system, a state-of-the-art piece of equipment recently developed by UK graphene company Moorfield.

This so-called nanoCVD system is based on a concept already used for other manufacturing purposes in the semiconductor industry. This shows to the semiconductor industry for the very first time a way to potentially mass produce graphene with present facilities rather than requiring them to build new manufacturing plants. This new technique grows graphene 100 times faster than conventional methods, reduces costs by 99 % and has enhanced electronic quality.

Advanced Materials – High Quality Monolayer Graphene Synthesized by Resistive Heating Cold Wall Chemical Vapor Deposition

Dr Jon Edgeworth, Technical Director at Moorfield said: “We are very excited about the potential of this breakthrough using Moorfield’s technology and look forward to seeing where it can take the graphene industry in the future.”

Professor Seigo Tarucha from the University of Tokyo, coordinator of the Global Center of Excellence for Physics at Tokyo university and director of the Quantum Functional System Research Group at Riken Center for Emergent Matter Science said: “The ability to manufacture high quality, large area graphene (at a low cost) is essential for advancing this exciting material from pure science and proof-of-concept into the realm of conventional and quantum electronic applications. After starting the collaboration with Professor Craciun’s group, we are using Exeter CVD grown graphene instead of the exfoliated material in our graphene-based devices, whenever possible.”

The research team used this new technique to create the first graphene-based transparent and flexible touch sensor. The team believes that the sensors can be used not just to create more flexible electronics, but also a truly-flexible electronic skin that could be used to revolutionise robots of the future.

Dr Thomas Bointon, from Moorfield Nanotechnology and former PhD student in Professor Craciun’s team at Exeter added: “Emerging flexible and wearable technologies such as healthcare electronics and energy-harvesting devices could be transformed by the unique properties of graphene. The extremely cost efficient procedure that we have developed for preparing graphene is of vital importance for the quick industrial exploitation of graphene.”

At just one atom thick, graphene is the thinnest substance capable of conducting electricity. It is very flexible and is one of the strongest known materials. The race has been on for scientists and engineers to adapt graphene for flexible electronics.

Professor Saverio Russo, co-author and also from the University of Exeter, added: “This breakthrough will nurture the birth of new generations of flexible electronics and offers exciting new opportunities for the realization of graphene-based disruptive technologies. “

In summary, they have shown a new growth mechanism of graphene by cold-wall CVD, which starts with the formation of a thick carbon film in the early stages of the growth, that becomes progressively thinner with increasing the growth time and finally evolves into graphene islands. At the same time we demonstrate an extremely high-throughput and cost efficient growth procedure for preparing high quality monolayer graphene using cold-wall CVD. Finally, we use graphene as electrode material and demonstrate the first flexible and transparent graphene capacitive touch sensor using processing techniques that are compatible with existing transparent and flexible electronic technologies. Besides its importance for the quick industrial exploitation of graphene since cold-wall CVD systems are found in semiconductor industries manufacturing plants, our work could lead to new generations of flexible electronics and offers exciting new opportunities for the realization of graphene-based disruptive technologies.

Abstract

The growth of graphene using resistive-heating cold-wall chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is demonstrated. This technique is 100 times faster and 99% lower cost than standard CVD. A study of Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron micro­scopy, and electrical magneto-transport measurements shows that cold-wall CVD graphene is of comparable quality to natural graphene. Finally, the first transparent flexible graphene capacitive touch-sensor is demonstrated.

SOURCE – University of Exeter, Advanced Materials Journal