Patching Runways Versus Attacking Dirt and Cement

by

The US has runway repair teams that can repair holes in two hours or less. They use truckloads of dirt and rocks and then cover with a 45 by 60-foot fiberglass mat.

Chinese suppliers sell fiberglass paving mats for 55 cents per square meter in lots of 10000 square meters.

T17 fast setting cement can set in 45 minutes and be ready for landings in about one hour.

Runway bombs have been standard for many decades. Each one has smaller bombs to make about 20 big holes.

Not a Maginot Line

The WW2 Maginot line had artillery with a few miles of range. China has missiles with hundreds and even many thousands of miles of range.

As shown in the Falklands War, modern missiles can sink surface ships.

China has thousands of mainland based missiles and many dozens of missiles on the islands.

The islands are up to 480 acres which is 100 times the area of an aircraft carrier. Holes can be patched in hours. Standard US bunker busters can penetrate 6 meters of concrete and 100 feet of dirt. Many dozens of bunker busters would be needed and the island missiles would be shooting back at carrier groups around the Philippines.

Repair Procedures: Airfield Damage Repair Part A: Filling the Crater

Crushed Stone Repair Procedures from Readymat. The rest of the article are the details of runway repair.

Clear debris from around the crater at least 6 meters (20 feet) in all directions to allow identification of the upheaved pavement surface. Identification and removal of all upheaval or damaged pavement is critical. It cannot be rolled down flush with the existing pavement and left. The upheaved pavement will eventually break up and create additional problems adjacent to the crater repair.

Perform profile measurement and visual inspection to identify and mark upheaval around the crater.

Remove upheaved pavement using an excavator with bucket or moil point attachment, and the front-end loader. The dozer may also be used, depending on the runway surface.

All debris material in excess of 304 millimeters (12 inches) must be removed or reduced in size. Breaking the pavement into smaller pieces will minimize the potential for voids and settling problems in the future.

Push unusable debris at least 9 meters (30 feet) off the Minimum Operating Strip (MOS) and pile no higher than 0.9 meter (3 feet).
Place backfill material into the crater in accordance with the repair procedure chosen. Note: If settling problems are anticipated, placement of membrane fabric between dissimilar backfill materials is recommended.

Fill and compact the crater with crushed stone material, placing it in lifts approximately 152 to 177 millimeters (6 to 7 inches) thick. For C-17 operations, limit the aggregate size to a maximum of 25 millimeters (1 inch) in the top 152 millimeters (6 inches) of the crushed stone repair. Overfill the crater by approximately 76 millimeters (3 inches) above the original pavement surface height. Compact each lift of crushed stone using a minimum of four passes of a single drum vibratory roller or two passes with a 10-ton vibratory roller. One pass of the roller means traveling across and back in the same lane.

If the crushed stone material is placed upon soft subgrade materials, it may be beneficial to separate the material using geomembrane fabric and place the crushed stone material in thicker lifts. In any case, the crushed stone should be compacted with a minimum of four passes of a single drum vibratory roller or two passes of a 10-ton vibratory roller per each 152 millimeters (6 inches) of thickness. A 457-millimeter (18-inch) crushed stone layer should receive a minimum of 12 passes with a single drum vibratory roller or six passes with a 10-ton vibratory roller prior to cut for the final grade.
Grade the compacted crushed stone to approximately 25 millimeters (1 inch) above the pavement surface.

Compact the crushed stone using two passes of a single drum vibratory roller or one pass with a 10-ton vibratory roller. The crushed stone layer should have a minimum 15 CBR to support C-130 and fighter jet operations.

Perform profile measurement. The repaired crater must not exceed the maximum RQC of ± 19 millimeters (± 0.75 inch). A repair outside this tolerance may still be useable, depending on its location, but will have a much shorter life before requiring additional maintenance to bring it back within this limitation.
The crushed stone repair is complete at this point.

Airfield Damage Repair Part B: Installing the FFM

The Readymat FFM is air-transportable, can be moved easily by vehicles, can be positioned at greater distances from airfield pavement surfaces, and can be stored indoors out of the elements.

A standard FFM weighs about 1360 kilograms (3,000 pounds) and consists of nine fiberglass panels, each 1.83 meters wide by 9.14 meters long by 12.7 millimeters thick (6 feet wide by 30 feet long by 0.30 inch thick nominally). Elastomer hinges 76.2 millimeters (3 inches) wide connect the panels. When folded, these mats are 1.83 meters wide by 9.14 meters long and 203 to 254 millimeters thick (6 feet wide by 30 feet long and 8 to10 inches thick). This repair system also includes joining panels and two support mat kits. The joining panels come in 7.32-meter and 9.14-meter (24-foot and 30-foot) lengths. One of each size is needed to connect two 9.14-meter by 16.46-meter (30-foot by 54 -foot) mats. The resulting 16.46-meter by 18.29-meter (54-foot by 60-foot) mat is the normal size suitable for most crater repairs. If larger FOD covers are required, additional mats may be spliced together. There are two types of support mat kits for the FFM. Mat Kit A contains all the necessary tools and hardware required to assemble, install, and maintain the system. Mat Kit B contains the anchor bolts required to attach the mat to the pavement surface.

SOURCES- Readymat, Rapid runway repair, wikipedia, US air force
Written by Brian Wang, Nextbigfuture.com

136 thoughts on “Patching Runways Versus Attacking Dirt and Cement”

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  109. Discretionary spending is the name given to the smaller part of the budget, that does not include most of the welfare and health spending.
    Look for total spending.

  110. For FY 2020, discretionary spending will be $1.438 trillion. Here is the breakdown for the top 10 largest departments:

    Defense: $633 billion
    Health and Human Services: $106 billion
    Veterans Affairs: $93 billion
    Education: $72 billion
    Housing and Urban Development: $57 billion
    Homeland Security: $48 billion
    State: $48 billion
    Energy: $39 billion
    Justice: $32 billion
    NASA: $23 billion

  112. I think there is something to be said for having a navy that can more or less disappear, the only reliable means to find it are satellites, which, at present, cannot protect themselves. an island, however, has no means of hiding, and, though it is a harder target, it is a much easier target to hit and to know what its hiding. Further, islands are still subject to the same limitations as ships as they must re-supply the same way, (at least for military logistics). I’d also add…a good deal less able to ward off inclement climate issues, like erosion and sea level variation.

    I think the Maginot line is a great comparison. France assumed war would be conducted a certain way and not through a neutral country and their defense became useless, likewise, it’d be just as easy to go through another china-opposed country (should be pretty easy as china has had wars with all of them in the last century).

    I’d also add the counterpoint to the falklands comparison, remember the Argentines *lost* that conflict, despite having control of the islands and damaging one of the larger vessels.

    There has nearly been a breakout in Korea and it seems increasingly likely Korea will collapse as the world economy leaves it behind and dependent on handouts from its neighbors and militarily obsolete. Or India/Pakistan which has the domestic politics and the numbers to make conflict exceedingly protracted and difficult to prevent should a hot war begin there.

  113. demographics, population centers, trade protection, Economic exclusivity zones, and of course, domestic politics…

    Really all the old reasons war has always happened.

    We invest in militaries so we are not on the wrong side of those very transnational outcomes. Also because military is like an infinite consumptive engine. wealth destructive perhaps, but that too is useful to have as a tool of economy.

  114. A basic understanding of O’Neill makes the dispute over man made islands look really, really silly!

  116. Great progress! Show about Neandert(h)als on PBS ended with the sudden take over of *us* about 70,000 years ago. *We* were described as “mad”.

  117. I’m still trying to figure out the motivation for war in the modern world.
    There is oil everywhere. That supply line doesn’t need protection anymore.
    The only thing of value is markets and they can’t really be won by war… only destroyed.
    With renewable energy growing rapidly, resources will become more and more available, including freshwater.
    Why do we invest so much in militaries?

  118. I am very specific about the newly discovered repression being mental illness. It is that specific knowledge about power addicts that causes them to be shunned. We are popularly not to that knowledge yet, so what you describe is happening, awaiting the realization by the people. He is crazy!

  119. How so? In such societies the press is controlled by the state. The state tells the people what is PC and what is hate speech. The U.S. one of the freest nations for speech and yet the Democrats are running someone with dementia for president. The mainstream press is keeping their mouth’s shut this because they are mostly left wing agenda driven.

    So even in a free society the mentally ill can succeed if they are in the right party.

  120. Putin… is he with BLM or Antifa?

    Seriously this was how Russia got a chunk of the Ukraine and I am sure they would love to piece back together the old Soviet Union. As the West reembraces its old, foolish, leftist ideals, other nations start to see opportunity.

  121. The “war on poverty” that started in the U.S. under Johnson did one incredible thing, it stopped the steady decline of poverty. Besides incentivizing the destruction of poor families, blacks were hardest hit, it also cost us a mere 23 trillion. So for all those who think throwing money at the poor via government bureaucracy is so lovely, so virtuous, perhaps you should look at some historical facts to supplement your SJW virtue signaling.

  122. Knowing the actual mechanism and nature of power addiction as a symptom of curable mental illness is a little more specific than the word “insane”, used before the discovery of these things. See how they fight against the notion to judge how little they can stand it.

  123. An essay has recently been published reminding everyone that it was appeasement and reluctance to be tough that enabled Germany to go as far as they did in the late 1930s.

    https://nationalinterest.org/feature/vladimir-putin-real-lessons-75th-anniversary-world-war-ii-162982?page=0%2C5

    The very confusing and concerning aspect is the author of this essay. A Mister Vladimir Putin.
    As the author’s bio puts it “Vladimir Putin serves as President of the Russian Federation.”

    Now… I would guess that any list of “what countries have been throwing their weight around to grab little bits of territory from their neighbours over the past few decades” would have Putin’s Russia near or at the top.

    So what is he seeing where he now thinks that it would be a good time to remind everyone to resist such behaviour?

  124. Everyone knew that Stalin, Hitler and Caligula were insane. (To name but three.)
    Didn’t cause their power to vanish.

  125. For a fraction of what we spend on militarization – which is as much as the next 7-9 countries combined, depending on who’s counting and when, we could cure world poverty, provide clean drinking water to the entire world, and end U.S. homelessness.

    Not this rubbish again. The USA already spends far more on alleviating poverty than it does on the military.
    And that’s mostly limited to its own citizens and doesn’t actually solve the problem.

    To imagine that spending less (the military budget) would solve poverty world wide, when spending more (the current welfare, health and pensions budget) doesn’t solve it within the USA requires a special form of mathematics.

  126. Many Chinese missiles are also sitting ducks. US would be clearing out those missiles as best as possible. China won’t have free reign to shoot at will. Everybody has a plan until the shooting starts, and nobody will start a shooting war anytime soon. China is being an international di5k and we should believe their intentions as spoken and written. We didn’t believe Hitler, and bad things happened. We should arm Taiwan to the teeth; nukes maybe? Japan; nukes? S. Korea nukes? Philippines; nukes (yikes)? Australia; nukes? India has them.

  127. The Chinese need to be ready for the time when the Japanese go Tora! Tora! Tora! on their South Pacific Islands.

  128. Whoa! Before we start worrying about how to repatch bombed runways, let’s give just a little thought to what it would be like to go to war with the world’s third largest nuclear power! As long as we – the U.S. – has unfettered rights to shipping in the South China Sea, the control of the Spratley Islands ought to be a regional concern. As far as I know, none of the other countries in that area has even asked us to become involved, and some have made arrangements with China, or started to anyway.
    We are not the world’s policeman, or property manager either.
    We are also in, and have started more, wars, than any other country…ever. Someone calculated that there are less than 10 years in the entire U.S. history that it has not been involved in some war, somewhere (I think it was squeezed between the two world wars, and you know what happened after that).
    For a fraction of what we spend on militarization – which is as much as the next 7-9 countries combined, depending on who’s counting and when, we could cure world poverty, provide clean drinking water to the entire world, and end U.S. homelessness. You don’t have to be a World Socialist to realize maybe it’s time to rethink our priorities!

  130. Power vanishes when people realize the one in power is mentally ill. One of the best ways to get rid of power addicts! Power addict->addict->repression->childhood pain. Sad.

  131. No, Duterte has suspended his move to withdraw US troops from their bases in the country. He knows that China will only get greedier over time.

  133. I sure don’t like that downgrade to 1 in 100 years for that dam. And the Chinese government claiming “racial discrimination” every time they bring someone in from the West to examine something, and they don’t like what they have to say, is foolish, insecure and neurotic. If they are smart and intellectually mature, they will fire the insecure nut who keeps yelling “discrimination”.

  134. Some smart mines mixed up with the cluster bombs will make it much less fun to just repair punched airfields. The mines can sit there counting traffic above and trigger randomly like 1 week later and 100 aircraft passages above. The initial bombing can sprinkle the entire ground with magnetic fragments to render mine detection and clearing impractical.
    Mines can also be in the form of drone swarms camouflaged as garbage or something. The drones can listen for jet engine signatures and fly towards the sound. Won’t take much to stop an aircraft if the payload is sucked into the air intake. Maybe not even explosives. Someone needs to use their imagination and use modern tech to optimize the amount of destruction per $.

  135. Well, I don’t want to rain on anyone’s parade, but the next generation of the MOAB is the FOAB (Father of all Bombs) with double the blast radius. It is being adapted to a special SLMS (submarine launched missile system) and would totally destroy any of China’s artificial islands and kill everyone on them. It may even dissolve them through shear liquefaction. They should have asked the Japanese how island defense went during WWII…

  136. The best approach it to build bombs to quickly tsunami these islands. Well directed bombing to flood only a specific shallow area. Without the ability to maintain supply lines, these islands aren’t much. Talking about flooding, China has a huge problem with the Three Gorges Dam and it soon will need to divert its attention to, like everything else in China it is built on hollow foundations.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6QyfrS7ARI

    https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2019/12/10/commentary/japan-commentary/countering-beijings-south-china-sea-strategy/

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