A Mathematician with early access to XAI Grok 4.20, found a new Bellman function for one of the problems he had been working on with my student N. Alpay. Not an Erdős problem, but original research. Demonstrates AI generating novel math objects (Bellman functions for optimal control) quickly, linking to isoperimetric profiles and Takagi function …
Startup Substrate is building next-generation semiconductor fabs using advanced X-ray lithography. This goes beyond extreme ultraviolet 13.5 nanometer wavelengths down to 0.01 nanometers. At the core of Substrate’s technology is a custom particle accelerator which propels electrons (produced by an unknown emitter) to near the speed of light using radio-frequency cavities. As these electrons pass …
Shane Legg talks about the 1997 and later creation and popular definition of general intelligence. Shane Legg, co-founder and Chief AGI Scientist at Google DeepMind, defines levels of artificial general intelligence (AGI) as a spectrum rather than a single binary threshold. NOTE: He mentions a 1997 paper on nanotechnology security that defined AGI. I, Brian …
Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG), the parent company of Truth Social and ticker DJT, has announced a definitive agreement to merge with TAE Technologies, a leading private nuclear fusion energy company, in an all-stock transaction valued at more than $6 billion.Key details of the merger:This creates one of the world’s first publicly traded nuclear …
Diamond color centers are a well researched field, but using them at scale as qubits was out of reach until recently. Their Quantum Transistor device (patent pending) resolves the charge stability issue and few more hurdles to enable using color centers as qubits. They presented at the Q2B 2025 conference. They could scale to 250,000 …
Quantware has solved the fanout problem for superconducting quantum computers. They are making breakthroughs that can scale quantum computers to millons of qubits by 2029. They are at the Q2B silicon valley conference today at the Santa Clara convention center. QuantWare announces VIO-40K, a new scaling architecture for quantum chips which solves the bottlenecks of …
Comet 3I Atlas is currently ~186 million miles from Earth, which is twice the distance from the Earth to the sun. It is moving away from the Sun now but getting closer to Earth until December 19, 2025. There are more major observed anomalies that cannot be explained and break known standard comet physics. It …
The 3I/ATLAS comet is only the third object ever identified as entering our solar system from elsewhere in the galaxy. While it poses no threat to Earth and will get no closer than 170 million miles to Earth, the comet flew within 19 million miles of Mars in early October. We still could not resolve …
Tomorrow NASA finally shows their HiRise, triple current best resolution images. In ~4 days a CME (sun coronal mass ejection) is expected to slam into a now very active 3I/Atlas — potential for spectacular tail disconnection event or brightening. Harvard astrophysicist Avi Loeb explains how Tianwen-1’s high-resolution Mars-orbit imagery has refined the comet’s path with …
NASA has officially announced a live event on Wednesday, November 19, 2025, at 3:00 p.m. EST where they will share these HiRISE images along with other new data and visuals from Hubble, SPHEREx, and additional spacecraft/telescopes. NASA’s HiRISE instrument, on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, captured the highest-resolution images of the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS as it …
Tokens are the fundamental units that LLMs process. Instead of working with raw text (characters or whole words), LLMs convert input text into a sequence of numeric IDs called tokens using a model-specific tokenizer. A single token typically represents a common word like (“hello”) a subword (“un” + “derstanding”) a punctuation mark or space and …